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一直在关注，一直在潜水，一直惦记着什么时候能回报下社会。。。先上几张图片，看看够不够毒。。。 行程：Day01（0919）：上海－拉萨Day02（0920）：拉萨－定日Day03（0921）：定日－吉隆－聂拉木Day04（0922）：聂拉木－樟木－聂拉木Day05（0923）：聂拉木－希峰营地（徒步&露营）Day06（0924）：营地－希夏邦马大本营－营地（徒步&露营）Day07（0925）：营地－聂拉木－老定日（徒步）Day08（0926）：老定日－曲当乡Day09（0927）：曲当乡优帕村－晓乌措营地（徒步&露营）Day10（0928）：晓乌措营地－卓湘营地（徒步&露营）Day11（0929）：卓湘营地－热嘎营地（徒步&露营）Day12（0930）：热嘎营地－白当营地（徒步&;露营）Day13（1001）：白当营地－珠峰东坡大本营－热嘎营地（徒步&露营）Day14（1002）：热嘎营地－措学仁玛营地（徒步&露营）Day15（1003）：措学仁玛营地－轮珠林村－曲当乡（徒步）Day16（1004）：曲当乡－江孜Day17（1005）：江孜－多庆措－江孜Day18（1006）：江孜－拉萨Day19（1007）：拉萨Day20（1008）：拉萨－上海 这基本上会是一个以图片为主的连环画形式的游记。。。详细游记攻略请参阅队友英子在磨房的帖子：https//www.doyouhike.net/forum/backpacking/1000424,0,0,1.html，那儿事无巨细。([]
最新章节： 第521章 今天也想见到你 （ 2024-05-03 22:24:42）
更新时间： 2024-05-03 20:08:25
- 第1章 央视动画状告京东
- 第2章 金牛座
- 第3章 存钱存了一半睡着
- 第4章 德玛西亚杯
- 第5章 天龙八部
- 第6章 杨紫
- 第7章 修罗武神烟火里的尘埃
- 第8章 伊朗决意报复美国
- 第9章 万古神帝
- 第10章 唐探3新预告
- 第11章 遮天2
- 第12章 东宫
- 第13章 暴雪蓝色预警继续
- 第14章 千与千寻
- 第15章 脸书被曝新漏洞
- 第16章 如棋
- 第17章 做回自己
- 第18章 逍遥散人
- 第19章 兰博基尼
- 第20章 法医秦明
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- 第550章 一拳超人
- 第551章 雷神
- 第552章 甄嬛传
- 第553章 Collateral Love
- 第554章 我们的歌
- 第555章 冰雪奇缘
- 第556章 鹤唳华亭
- 第557章 武炼巅峰
- 第558章 武炼巅峰4狂潮
- 第559章 C罗上演2020第一帽
- 第560章 星球大战：天行者崛起
- 第561章 沉睡魔咒2
- 第562章 哈登44分
- 第563章 坦克世界
- 第564章 新闻周刊
- 第565章 吐槽大会4
- 第566章 ofo再成被执行人
- 第567章 魏大勋
- 第568章 这样唱好美
明星ai智能人脸替换jennie喷水
李宏火从尼泊尔回来差不多已有一月，还是懒洋洋的浑身没劲，不会是还在醉氧吧？ 一起徒步的同伴都在写着游记攻略啥的，每看一篇，仿佛倒带一样又回到了那个快乐与痛苦并存的地方--EBC（尼泊尔萨加玛塔国家公园）是的，就是这种感觉，痛并快乐着！菲律宾链接https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1777888&;page=1&extra=马来西亚沙巴仙本娜https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2173681-1-1.html 先上几张美图，分别出自牛娃、小跑、心跳。。 去年的三月去尼泊尔晃了十几天，本来想去布恩山徒步，由于各种原因没能如愿，所以去尼泊尔徒步一直是我未了的心愿。。。去年的十月就开始发帖招同伴、准备攻略行程和用物清单，采购装备，一切进行的有条不紊。。。谁知道年初就摔了一跤致右髌骨骨折、半月板损伤、韧带撕裂。。。再后来9.28噩耗传来，飞卢克拉的小飞机坠落，机上18人全部遇难，其中就有我的QQ好友肥狼，本来他要跟我们一起走EBC的。。。更可气的是9.29又无缘无故的左小腿肌肉受伤。。。老天爷跟我开玩笑呢吧，辛辛苦苦准备了一年，切！啥都不能阻挡咱迈向EBC的脚步。。。这是去年3月在尼泊尔的时候。。 尼泊尔的坤布地区（Khumbu Area）珠峰大本营（Everest Base Camp）萨加玛塔国家公园（Sagarmatha National Park）萨加玛塔，尼语意思是“摩天岭”或“世界之巅”。该公园位于尼泊尔喜马拉雅山区，位于加德满都东北的索洛―坤布地区，坐落在珠穆朗玛峰南坡，是尼泊尔著名的旅游胜地，北部与西藏珠穆朗玛自然保护区接壤。公园总面积1244平方公里，包括珠穆朗玛峰在内，共有7座山峰，其余6座山峰海拔高度也在7000米以上，还有数量可观的冰川深谷，这里因其独特的地质地貌而成为世界上最令人感兴趣的地区之一。萨加玛塔国家公园气候宜人，夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，终年阳光灿烂，四季如春。四周群山气魄雄伟，冰峰林立。山上有终年不化的积雪，山下四季常青的花草，园内还有代表喇嘛教宁玛派的谢尔巴人文化的寺院庙宇，是联合国教科文组织公布的首批文化遗产和自然遗产之一。EBC特点1、风景独一无二。每天与雪山为伴，可以看见的雪山多达几十座。其中：8000米以上的有：珠峰、洛子峰、卓奥友、马卡鲁。2、尼泊尔成熟徒步线路，路指示清楚，每年上万人前往！3、沿途设施完善，基本上约2个小时路程就会有休息的地方。4、费用相对低廉。背夫一天约15美金，2个人请一个背夫就更便宜了！山上住宿一天200卢比左右，徒步期间一天的费用（包括背夫费用）在250元左右。5、线路难度不大，15天可走完全程，每天徒步约6小时。这条线的前两天的行程就一条路往前走，到了Namche Bazaar开始分出岔路，西边的那条线终点名字叫Gokyo，观景点是Gokyo Ri，主要是去看卓奥友峰、Gokyo湖，也能看珠峰，路程相对较短，比较好走；中间的那条就是到达EBC，观景点是Kala Patthar，主要是看珠峰、坤布冰川；东边的那条通往Chukung，观景点是Chukung Ri，看的是Lhotse(洛子峰)。 秋季（雨季后）：10-11月，最适合徒步的季节。10月份，雨水把空气清洗得无比澄澈，能见度最好，气候温和。低海拔区在白天依然很暖和，超过3000米后夜晚会有霜冻。再往上，任何时候都可能下雪，需带上足够保暖的衣物和适温睡袋。ACAP进山证：所有超过4天的徒步游都必须办理ACAP的许可证，办理地点在加德满都展览路附近Tourism Service Centre的ACAP办公室，办理费用是2000Rs，需提供一张证件照片，填好申请表，即刻就能拿到许可证。如果没有来得及办理许可证，可以在珠峰公园大门处补办，20美金。 行前准备：1、护照、证自办，证可到北京的尼泊尔大使馆、上海尼泊尔领事馆、拉萨尼泊尔领事馆和香港尼泊尔领事馆。需填一张表，一个2寸照片和护照原件，15天停留证是150元，30天的是340元。可委托旅行社代，网上很多人在办这个业务。2、机票：如果不走陆路赴尼泊尔，机票可以占到全部花费的50%。目前国内航线：南航-广州至加德满都，机票较贵，到尼泊尔时间是深夜；东航-昆明至加德满都，机票较平，提前半年可以买到折扣很低的机票；国航-成都经停拉萨至加德满都，机票较贵，早上7点半的飞机，需提前一天到成都，国航提供一晚免费住宿；还有一班香港港龙公司的，但需要过境香港，适合珠三角地区的朋友。还有一个办法是通过神*网预定团购机票，一般是3-4折左右，还包括国内段联程。 旅行健康1、确保自己的心肺功能正常，非高血压患者。重视狂犬病的预防。雨季时注意蚂蝗叮咬，避免穿着凉鞋或短裤在雨中淌水。被叮上后用烟头烫或者使劲搓掉并及时处理伤口。避免自以为是，保持平常心，注意个人卫生保健。2、徒步容易口渴，在高海拔地区需要摄入大量液体来减轻高原反应的影响。喝水之前务必确认已经煮沸过，或者饮用瓶装的纯净水。只要是开水冲泡的，客栈或茶馆里卖的茶、咖啡、热巧等热饮都相当安全。每天应喝下4升水，尿液呈黄色表明需要增加水的摄入。3、把维持高准的个人卫生作为一种习惯。尽量把手弄干净，不仅仅是吃东西时。湿纸巾很有用。如果刚开始有轻微腹泻，也可能是水土不服，持续时间通常很短。徒步中比较头疼的问是身体疲劳。应多吃热的食物，建议别吃沙拉和生的蔬菜。4、感冒：徒步中经常大汗淋漓，太阳下山后或者背阴处又可能比较冷，一冷一热会有引起感冒的可能，尘土飞扬的道路和干冷的空气会加剧呼吸道症状。避免每天徒步太长时间，过于劳累会降低身体的抵抗力，早一点到达目的地休息，换下湿透的衣服也是对身体的一种保护。万一不幸感冒，尽量在低山区休息缓解，不要冒险上海拔。5、高原反应：提前了解高原反应的知识并循序适应海拔能减少其带来的影响。只要时间足够长，大多数人上到高海拔时都能够自行调整过来，每个人适应的程度会有不同。长时间在一地去适应的办法几乎不利于避免高反，要边往高走边适应，采取渐进爬升的方式很重要，为了让身体在低氧环境下更好地适应，要安排休息调整的时间。判断是否高反，注意下列症状：极度疲劳，头痛及食欲不振。有的游客会出现没怎么运动就喘得厉害，心慌，失眠。当这些症状变得严重时就不要再上升，直到症状消失为止。如果一两天后症状还没消失，反而变得更严重，就必须下撤。不要过分使用强力的止痛药或安眠药，它们可能会掩盖住病症。出现呕吐、严重头痛、站立不稳、失禁、口吐白沫，甚至在休息时仍感到疲劳加剧、呼吸急促，说明情况进一步恶化，有发展成严重后果的危险（肺水肿或脑水肿），如果不能及时救治，会失去意识并在12小时内死亡。办法只有一个，就是马上下撤（必要时就算半夜），直到症状减轻，并最终完全消失。下降300米通常就能有所缓解。必须强调的是，不能让病人独身一人下撤。6、不要随手乱扔难以降解的垃圾。不要污染水源。保护森林，尽量在使用液化气的客栈吃饭住宿。使用太阳能热水洗澡时不要浪费，点餐也不要铺张。为了减少对植被和土壤的破坏，尽量走明显的路迹。穿过农田时请小心，不要踩坏作物、灌溉水渠和田埂。 装备：背包：70+10登山包及防雨罩、36L冲锋包、8L腰包、睡袋、登山杖、羽绒服一件、冲锋衣抓绒衣各一件、速干内衣3件、短袖T恤两件、冲锋裤一条、抓绒裤一条、速干裤两条、休闲裤一条、登山鞋旅游鞋拖鞋各一双、内衣裤、登山袜（5-6双）雪套、冰爪、护膝、护腕、防水手套、遮阳帽、绒线帽、头巾、墨镜、防风镜、海拔表、指南针、手电、头灯、高音哨、瑞士军dao、指甲刀、转换插头、营地灯、炉头、套锅、洗脸盆、水袋、保温杯、水杯、单兵过滤器、雨披、暖宝宝、塑料袋、晾衣绳、针线包洗簌用品：牙刷，牙膏，毛巾，浴液、防晒霜，晒后修复霜，补湿面膜、润唇膏、护手霜、肥皂、洗衣粉、餐巾纸、湿巾纸、卫生纸等人民币及美元、信用卡、护照、身份证，记事本、笔、一寸免冠照片数张（用于办理各种长期门票）、护照复印件数张、相机、卡、充电器、电池多块、移动电源3个、手机、手表、电池5号 带药备用：*抗高原反应药：高原安、诺迪康、藏红花、葡萄糖粉、红景天*止痛药：巴米尔、曲马多*鼻喉类：甲链软膏*维生素：21金维他、金施尔康、善存*外伤药：雪山金罗汉止痛涂膜剂、清凉油、风油精、扶他林 *感冒药： VC银翘片、泰诺、正柴胡冲剂、莲花清瘟胶囊*急救品：药棉、纱布、绷带、白胶布、创可贴、注射器 *镇静药：思诺思 *肠胃药：瑞贝克泻立停、藿香正气胶囊、黄莲素、易蒙停*心血管疾病：心痛定、丹参滴丸、速效救心丸*消炎药：奥硝唑、久帮、阿莫西林、红霉素软膏、头孢类抗菌素、氧氟沙星 *清火药：牛黄解毒片、牙周宁、清火片、咽炎片*其他药：速尿、地塞米松、氨茶碱、开瑞坦、润舒滴眼液*增强体力：西洋参含片、VC泡腾片、蜂胶、孢子粉可多喝一些酥油茶，对缓解高原反应有一定的作用 具体行程如下：2012年10月11日南京飞昆明，10月12日昆明飞加德满都，10月13日—10月27日徒步15天左右。从拉萨、樟木过来者可于10月12日在加德满都的凤凰宾馆集合。D1，10月13日，加德满都——(飞机)——Lukla(卢克拉，2840米)——Phakding(帕克丁，2610米)。D2，10月14日，Phakding(帕克丁，2610米)——Monjo(2840米)——Namche Bazar(南池巴扎，3440米)。D3，10月15日，Namche(南池，3440米）------Tengpoche(邓波切，3860米)D4，10月16日，Tengboche(邓波切，3860米)----Dingboche(丁波切，4410米)D5，10月17日，Dingboche(丁波切，4410)——Chhukhung(去贡，4730米)。D6，10月18日，Chhukhung（去贡，4730米）——Chhukhung-Ri（5550米）——Dingboche(丁波切，4410米)。D7，10月19日，Dingboche(丁波切，4410米)——Lobuche(罗布切，4910米)。D8，10月20日，Lobuche(罗布切，4910米)——Gorak Shep(5140米)——EBC（珠峰大本营，5364米）——Gorak Shep。D9，10月21日，Gorap Shep(格拉舍普，5140米)——Kala Patthar(卡拉帕塔，5545米)——Gorap Shep(5140米)——Lobuche(罗布切，4910米)——Dzonglha(宗那，4830米)。D10，10月22日，Dzonglha(宗那，4830米)——Cho La pass 垭口（5330米）——Thagnak(塘那，4700米）。D11，10月23日,Thagnak(塘那，4700米）——Gokyo（4790米）。D12，10月24日,Gokyo，休整。D13，10月25日，Gokyo（4790米）——Dole（4200米）——PhortseTenga（3680米）。D14，10月26日，PhortseTenga（3680米）——Namche(南池，3440米)——Phakding(帕克丁，2610米)。D15，10月27日，Phakding(帕克丁，2610米)——Lukla(卢克拉，2840米)—(小飞机)—加德满都。 这次一起徒步的22人，来自五湖四海，分别是江苏的小跑、绿茶、走天涯、土哥和偶，广东的秋哥、悟然、巧儿、贵妃、听雨、卜苗和心跳，上海的文丽和快乐人生，重庆的青枫，宁波的小温，昆明的小牛，香港的自由人和来自新加坡的生番和JC，远涉重洋米国回来的JEN，还有在外漂流一个多月的内蒙小尾。。。估计这是有史以来最大的中国团队了吧，浩浩荡荡的挺进EBC！最全的一张合影 2012.10.11，南京飞昆明1335--1755，同行的有徐州的土哥，到达机场后提取行李，乘机场大巴到预定的酒店，晚上和同一天到达的悟然、贵妃、快乐会合，晚上吃了顿云南特色菜，悟然请客的哦，为了感谢我和贵妃给他省下的机票钱，晚饭后回酒店睡觉，第二天一大早继续乘大巴赶往机场，搭乘MU757航班--1040，飞往尼泊尔的首都---加德满都。飞机上看到的云海、陆地空少、空嫂同行的土哥 飞机上无聊，玩手机。。女儿的小恐龙，一直伴随我走完旅程。。大哥花生豆，FB物资哈。。 飞机上的帅锅哈。。 机场到了，这个帮忙的可是要收费的哦。。 到了泰美尔，加德满都游客聚集区，放好行李赶紧换钱、买手机卡。。 小跑，在EBC不下前三的小跑，名符其实。。内蒙的小尾，挺实诚的一个小伙哈。。一路漂流、一路捡妹子。。真正的领队--心跳，能力极强，各方面 绿茶童鞋，超级装备控。。。不是掰的。。在新加坡工作的重庆小伙--生番童鞋，很可惜，徒步第三天就因为感冒和高反给背夫背着下撤了。。 飞卢克拉的机票是在国内就提前定好的，往返248美金，后来涨价了281美金，据说还买不到，我们的票是745的，一大早5点多就赶往机场，22人包了两部车300RMB，到了机场分两批飞，来自米国的JEN负责跟机场方面打交道，有个热情的小伙帮忙办理，后来小费都没要，到现在我还纳闷为啥不要呢？？？机场的小飞机、行李车、接驳车。。。 我们第二批16个，包机，嘿嘿，享受过这待遇吗？上了飞机一点没害怕，第二次坐了，不过航线不同罢了。想到9.28的空难，心里难过了一阵，有太多想不到的事随时可能发生。。。起飞了，很平稳，机师娴熟的驾驶着小飞机在群峰上掠过，偶尔穿过云层会有小的颠簸，无大碍，心里坦荡的很，我福大命大造化大，是这么说的吗？小飞机上看群峰。。。卢克拉机场。。号称世界上最危险的跑道。。 准备出发了。。过年准备一起去菲律宾FB的四个家伙，嘿嘿。。这是我们的向导：班巴，一个很不错的小伙子。。 一下飞机行李还没取好就有一群背夫围上来争取我们这单大生意，就在我们和无头苍蝇一样不知道如何选择的时候，英语不错的又独具慧眼的心跳一下就相中了班巴，也就是我们后来的向导，事实证明心跳的选择非常正确，这小伙确实不错，为我们走完全程提供了保障，特别是我这个伪驴！在此对给我很大帮助的哑巴背夫再次表示感谢，如果你们去EBC而且英语又不太好的话就请他做你的背夫吧，不会错的，他是一个既负责又善良的好背夫，后面我会细说的。班巴的姨夫在机场门口开了一个旅馆兼饭店，大家跟着班巴进了旅馆，心跳负责跟他谈价格及行程，我们做好出发前的准备，在这里一瓶水100rs。 出发前大家合影一张，这也是我们22个唯一一张全家福，后来说好每天出发前都要合影，这个工作嘛就交给色驴土哥了撒，不负众望，土哥出色滴完成了任务。。。合影后，大家按照自己的节奏三三两两的向前迈步，卢克拉村子不大，路两边有很多户外用品店，还有星巴克，不过不知道味道咋样，没喝。。。这个蒙面大侠就是我们大名鼎鼎的秋哥哈。。。可爱的小盆友。。 这是开始徒步见到的第一座白塔，后面有很多，各种各样的，很漂亮。。每个人都在看自己的风景，把它定格在脑海和心底。。每个人都在走自己的路，这一段将成为生命中的烙印。。 这是进山的大门，门上面是首位登上珠峰的夏尔巴妇女的雕像，先留影一张，回头出来时不知道会整成啥样，第一天行程不多，看别人的攻略也就两三小时的路，所以根本没放在心上，吊儿郎当的晃着，护膝也没绑，登山杖别在包上，鞋带都是松的，唯一做的就是穿了双过膝的弹力袜，以保证腿部血液循环，后来弄的别人以为我娇情，谁让我是伤兵呢。。照片咋倒了 路边是等着运送货物的牦牛队，沿路会遇到很多，三五头一队，遇到它们你可得赶紧让路，不然给你顶到山下那就嗝屁了。。。一路提心吊胆，因为嘛。。一身红装哈秋哥这是干啥呢?想帮妹子背一段不？背得动还是背不动？lol算了吧，别让后面的笑话了([]
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陈明哲“一期”表示人的一生；“一会”则意味仅有一次的相会。百多年前大将井伊直弼诠解道，“茶会也可为‘一期一会’之缘也。即便主客多次相会也罢。但也许再无相会之时，为此作为主人应尽心招待客人而不可有半点马虎，而作为客人也要理会主人之心意，并应将主人的一片心意铭记于心中，因此主客皆应以诚相待。此乃为‘一期一会’也。”人生及其每个瞬间都不能重复。 “一期一会”提醒人们要珍惜每个瞬间的机缘，并为人生中可能仅有的一次相会，付出全部的心力；若因漫不经心轻忽了眼前所有，那会是比擦身而过更为深刻的遗憾。 一直放在博客里未曾拿出，这是2012一段美好的回忆。不管世事多么纷纷扰扰，枫叶的帖子依旧坚持旅游即时生活，真诚和大家交流，但是本帖依旧坚持勿谈政治！传说，古老的大阪住着一位可爱的老爷爷，老爷爷每天都会用烤炉，制作绵绵软软香气扑鼻的起司蛋糕。周围的街坊邻居总会聚集在老爷爷家门口，等待新鲜出炉的美味蛋糕。 当然，老爷爷的故事是我杜撰的，不过老爷爷起司蛋糕店是真心存在滴哟。枫叶的小屋，请您光临：如果你想多认识我。枫叶的微博 https//weibo.com/huwai8264?/huwai8264?/huwai8264?/huwai8264?/maplebj不过这里都是一些家长里短的小事。从机场抵达到动物园前太洋，休整片刻，就赶紧携队伍出发了。网站上的地图实在太抽象，我们在难波站转了两大圈，吃了长崎拉面攒足体力，又穿过道具筋，再问过无数哥哥妹妹店员后，才找到这里。出来前被洗脑，说这家店，无论平时还是周末，从开门到闭店，永远是大排场龙，而且除了多观光客之外，也很多日本当地人在排。一路走到千日前筋的尽头，都已经快放弃了，远远看到某家店门口排了好多人，心里就觉得，肯定是到了！酱～～酱～～！！感谢M同学，不懈的努力，带我们找到了可爱的老爷爷家。满足了我的口福之欲。五一是姐姐生日，大家一起happy birthday！ 感谢M同学，不懈的努力，带我们找到了可爱的老爷爷家。满足了我的口福之欲。五一是姐姐生日，大家一起happy birthday！满眼的花花广告牌，全凭猜，这个貌似是起司蛋糕和新品布丁的特价套餐，好诱人哟。为了避免蛋糕压扁，所以店面很贴心的，都会帮你用盒子把蛋糕装起来喔！整个店铺里面，都是年轻女士在烘焙或者服务，后厨在柜台就能一览无余，眼巴巴看着新鲜的蛋糕出炉，整个人都会跟着兴奋起来。其实如果习惯重口味的起司蛋糕的人，应该会觉得老爷爷起司蛋糕的味道有点淡。老爷爷起司蛋糕味道较属于轻奶酪，相较之下，会显得比较没有强烈的口味，但是，引人入胜的是较为温和的奶香味与口感。 有发现上面还烫印着可爱的老爷爷图像吗？这是在刚出炉的时候，店员当我们的面现场烫上去的喔～我们坐在店里，用汤匙挖来吃～哈，因为太过顺口，所以在吃完分量极大的长崎拉面之后，我们四个快速的分食了一只。为什么Rikuro's老爷爷起司蛋糕这么受欢迎的原因之一！那就是这样一个份量十足的起司蛋糕（直径18cm）,只要日币588啦！台币大概两百块左右 这价格不管是在日本人的金钱观来说连对铁公鸡的台湾主妇来说，这都超超超～便宜的啦！蛋糕下方，还可以看到有许多葡萄干！吃起司蛋糕吃到最后容易口味感到烦腻，所以最后吃上几颗葡萄干，可以中和甜腻的口味～传说中的断面图啦～Rikuro'老爷爷起司蛋糕所使用的起司，都是丹麦所进口的浓郁起司，加上新鲜的牛奶与鸡蛋，吃下后口内即有股清爽的奶香味呢！ 而最特别的是：与一般的起司蛋糕不同，蛋糕体本身的口感偏向有点类似略软的海绵蛋糕，湿度适中，真的是入口即化呢～！教大家有五种能美味享受老爷爷起司蛋糕的方法：1 刚出炉热呼呼的时候，享受那温热入口即化的美味2 在常温的状态下，享受素材的原本的美味3 冰镇过后，味道更加浓郁，推荐夏天品尝4 吃不完的蛋糕，使用微波炉加热后，享受二度入口即化般的美味5 等待加热的时间里，享受烤箱里传来阵阵的起司香 6个装需要冷藏的香草焦糖布丁。特别滑，好像美味的鸡蛋冻一般。这期间是有期间限定只贩卖到４月底的草莓香蕉蛋糕哟！可惜我们实在吃不下了，又不好保存，生生错过了美味的限量版。据说，里面添加大量的当季新鲜草莓跟香蕉，加上清爽的鲜奶油跟大量鸡蛋的蛋糕体！！如果有机会到大阪玩乐的朋友们，如果想尝试看看Rikuro's老爷爷起司蛋糕,建议不一定要在难波商店街大排长龙。可以到其它更大的店铺买，能慢慢的挑选自己想要的商品～ 日本自由行成型的条件之一，就是这证。目前，日本自由行证有两种：1、三年多次往返证。获得条件：第一次必须去冲绳，且在冲绳停留住宿。冲绳是远离日本本土的小小岛，如果安排冲绳+日本本土如大阪、东京的自由行，还要从冲绳那霸机场乘坐飞机飞到其他地方。当然，第一次安排去冲绳的4、5日自由行，三年内便一劳永逸的可以不受限制安排自由行计划了。2、三个月有效，停留15天以内的一次有效证。这种证可以以日本任何地方为目的地前往。不过，由于日本大使馆的规定，不接受个人提交证申请，只接受指定旅行社提交申请，且，必须在同一旅行社购买机票以及住宿酒店，才核发证。因此在此过程中，各处询价的结果就是，必定会被旅行社在机票和住宿上宰一刀。通过旅行社购买机票+酒店+证的概念一直萦绕在心头，因此3月初时，考察了ctrip冲绳自由行的线路。无奈，冲绳的吸引力还是弱了一些，又考虑到未必有太多机会往返日本多次，因此便考虑直接去日本本土，办理一次。其实，Maple已经去了日本三次，不过老爸之前说，一定要我带姐姐去一次，此行，就当还了老爸的愿望。选定目的地为关西后，还是先从ctrip查询自由行报价。ctrip的打包证费真是太便宜了，才200多还是300多人民币。其实它的机+酒+证的自由行套餐蛮不错，不过就在比较酒店很久准备下订的时候，ctrip提示选择的商务酒店全部没有房间。无奈无奈，只得再寻它法。朋友多就是好，还是和朋友的闲聊得知，其实有的旅行社是可以单独出证的，自己再搞定机票和住宿就好。大家去万能的TB，就有多家在做。报价基本在800-1000元之间。不过Maple最后选择了一个线下旅行社，其间也经历了旅行社抢客户、旅行社拖延时间等状况，不过经鉴定，还是满靠谱的。证所需资料，各旅行社细节要求不同，不过大体不超过：因私护照1. 护照原件。申请人的护照自出发日起必须至少还有6个月以上的有效期；2. 护照最后一页须有申请者本人用蓝、黑色水笔中文名。3. 护照内应至少有两页完整的空白证页，不包含备注页；4. 若曾经换发过护照同时请提供旧护照。 照片近1年内拍摄的两寸(3.5cmx4.5cm)白底光面彩照2张。 身份证正反面复印件 户口本1. 本人户口本整本复印件（需连同第一页空白页一起复印）2. 如是集体户口，请提供集体户口首页复印件及本人页复印件。 在职证明1. 工作单位出具的中文在职证明原件（用印有公司抬头、地址、电话、传真的抬头纸打印），加盖公司公章。2. 提供在有效期内的单位营业执照副本复印件或组织机构代码证复印件（需要有有效年检章）。加盖公司公章。 资产证明（以下请至少提供2项，请尽可能多的提供，有助于提高出率）1. 房产证复印件。2. 五万元以上的中英文银行存款证明原件；或5-10万元资产银行冻结三个月原件。3. 车产或购车发票复印件等。4. 工资卡、信用卡、储蓄卡等，提供近期6个月内使用明细单。机票预订单往返机票预订单（出后实际入境日期 须与送时提供的预订单入境日期一致，否则可能导致入境不成功）。 证申请表申请者本人用黑色水笔、中文填写。 有的还需要：结婚证如是已婚人员，提供结婚证复印件。 暂住证居住地(工作地)和户口所在地不一致，须提供暂住证原件 有的旅行社还需要：担保函或押金，根据申请证人的资产条件，这个就要具体问具体分析了。证申请书和在职证明模板旅行社都会给，这里展示一下。所有资料准备完全后，交给旅行社，合同，交钱，等待10天，就等出了。期间旅行社还会嘱咐你，如果大使馆打电话过来询问，怎样回答。Maple就是赶上了换新的证官，证被拖了几天，老姐还真被抽查到。不过一切顺利，只待出发！住宿解决方案：动物园前大阪太洋hotel在自由行花费中，住宿费用仅排在机票费用之后，是第二大消费项目。 曾经有网络上的朋友问我，如何控制自由旅行的预算，Maple的回复是，通过提前预定特价机票，控制住第一大消费项目；然后寻找低价的青年旅社或者民宿，以控制住第二大消费项目。这样，就可以把节省下来的预算，花费在目的地的吃喝玩乐上了。当然，预算充足，或者享乐型的旅行方式除外。周围有不少志同道合的朋友，与Maple的旅行观念相似。朋友多，优势就是，当自己有需要的时候，总会有热情的朋友伸出援助之手，为我指点一二。在准备2012年四人日本关西大旅行的过程中，朋友的经验，为迷途中的Maple，拨开了纷扰的云雾。其中一点，就是住宿的解决方案。4.30出发，5.6日回程。期间主要目的地是大阪、京都与奈良三地。从地图上看这三地的地理位置，分别处于三角形的状态。其实，这三地之间的单程时间花费，基本都在1个小时左右。因此主打这三地的旅行，可以考虑住在交通发达，夜生活丰富的大阪。早晨通过发达的日本轨道网络去到各个地方进行白天的行程，也是很方便的。当然，如果想要体验京都的品味，期间换到京都住宿1-2天也是不错的选择。全程住大阪，还是中间换到京都住，是当时让Maple很头疼的选择。去过关西若干次的风帆，在住宿方面颇有心得，为Maple推荐了位于大阪御堂筋线与堺筋线交叉点的动物园前站的经济住宿：Hotel Taiyo。考察了一圈关西地区星级酒店的住宿费用，太洋一晚一间4000日元的住宿费的确是大大的吸引力。因此Maple最后决定，全程入住大阪Taiyo，中途免去拖着行李换酒店的烦恼。一、预订Maple订住宿的网站：日本乐天https//travel.rAKUten.co.jp/HOTEL/19666/19666.html 住宿名称：ビジネスホテル太洋＜大阪府＞taiyo自己的官网，也接受预订，价格与乐天一样：https//www.hotel-taiyo.com/预订很简单，不需要押金，保险起见，打印出预订成功页面带过去check in。其实酒店前台自己也有一本记录，只要你报的名字符合，不需要任何证明文件，也是可以入住的。二、入住体验个人感觉，这家酒店应该属于日本六七十年代比较好的商务酒店，房间不大，但地理位置非常之方便。因为时间久远，现在变身物美价廉的国际化旅社。旅馆一共九层，第九层是女性专用楼层，这层的卫生间马桶还是带加热坐垫的，相当体贴。下面的楼层房型基本分为2大类，带卫生间还是不带卫生间。其中每种还分和式和洋式。带卫生间的一晚住宿费4000日元，相当于RMB320元。不带卫生间的一晚住宿费是3000日元。([]
夏暮光麻豆作品
李宜欣在8264潜水多年，发过帖子，但都是提问帖，寻求帮助的。这次发一个关于清迈的分享帖。我7月份在清迈赖了半个月，从下面几个方面和大家分享一下赖在那的日子。都是原片，真实再现。希望我能把楼盖完，这个帖子不会烂尾清迈·街拍（39楼，在清迈取现和换汇）清迈·信仰（68楼开始）清迈·夜市（115楼“夜市·小吃”、193楼“夜市·人物”）8264驴·游清迈（225楼）泰北·Pai（250楼开始、286楼粉红主木屋旅馆）清迈·火车站（305楼）、大学（316楼）、双龙寺（321楼）清迈·市场walolo（338楼开始）、Airport Plaza（429楼）清迈·吃（474楼）清迈·住（607楼青旅“little bird”）清迈·店里的手工艺品（665楼）曼谷·terminal 21厕所专（724楼）文字攻略篇（781楼）清迈印象：这是在清迈长康路附近的鲜花市场拍的。清迈地图： 看到清迈的第一眼第一晚住的地方（合RMB170，含早餐）后面会对此行住的地方做个总结。清迈的主要交通工具图解：1、最上面的是双条车。清迈的双条车分为六个颜色（红、白、绿、黄、蓝、橘）。红色是随招随停的（20泰铢起），与司机沟通好目的地和价钱，下车付费。另外五种颜色的则行驶固定的路线；2、右下角的是“dudu”40泰铢起，也是随招随停；3、自行车租一天也就50B（合RMB10），“一天”的概念就是24小时；4、老外们通常喜欢租摩托车，这样远近都可以去了。接下来发些街拍照片，都是原片，大家自己找感觉吧在清迈的日子，总能“转角遇上花”。在泰国绕不开的就是寺庙和僧人。后面会有一个寺庙的专 很喜欢每家门前的信箱，后面会有一个专几乎每家每户都供养着佛，每天都要拜一拜的：）来点本土的哈几乎每家都会挂的。。。普通的市场，后面会有一个walolo专。 先盖到这。。。 银行都以颜色区分，持中国的借记卡可以在支持中国银联的ATM机上直接取钱。以下都是可以直接取现的银行：Bangkok Bank（曼谷银行，橙色）KASIkom Bank（泰华农民银行，绿色）TMB（泰国军人银行，蓝红相间）UOB（大华银行）Siam City Bank（泰国城市银行，红色）Siam Commercial Bank（泰国商业银行，紫色）关于取现手续费：泰国的银行，每取一笔，手续费是150B。国内银行手续费一般是取现金额1%+12元。关于换汇，我个人认为可以在国内换好，或在清迈的superrich拿人民币换（美元就更好了），换汇都不错的。我给大家上一个我的工行卡明细截图，能直观体现在清迈ATM取现的费用艺术中心，拿护照去可有免费的中文讲解。在交通高峰期，会有交警给到寺庙参观的游客的车开道哈。([]
麻豆自制传媒沈娜娜
陈美珍Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
国产沈娜娜
陈怡婷该贴记录本人在美国游记的点点滴滴，分享给大家，供大家欣赏，希望广大驴友强烈支持下实拍国立美国历史博物馆 这是我自己感觉最难写的一个博物馆，我最怕的是这个帖子最终变成了一堆片子，而我希望的是朋友们能和我一样，在穿越这二百多年历史的浮光掠影之后，能带着一点思考。 国立美国历史博物馆，英文全名是“The National Museum of American History”，与以前介绍的航天航空博物馆、和国立自然历史博物馆一样，是世界上最大的博物馆体系 — 史密森尼博物馆（Smithsonian Institution）下属的十六所博物馆之一，亦是美国最大的历史博物馆。国立历史博物馆位于华盛顿国家广场中段的北边，东邻以前介绍过的自然历史博物馆，南门遥对美国农业部。馆舍长175米，纵深91.5米、高36.7米，是一个白色大理石的五层建筑，总面积75万平方英尺，包括地下室、三层展厅、两层办公室和储藏室，顶层是机械动力室。我去的时候圣诞节刚过，大厅里还伫立着有两层楼高的圣诞树。 美国历史博物馆的展区有三层，一层设农业技术、交通运输、电话电信、纺织、医药等；第二层设第一夫人服饰、移民、昔日日常生活、移民发展等部门，三层设军队史、兵器、报纸、邮政、乐器、货币与纪念章、陶瓷器等部门。博物馆的宗旨是“收藏、保管和研究影响美国人民经历的物品”，展览的主是表现美国人的生活，时间从美国独立战争结束至当代，整个陈列反映了欧洲各国移民到达美洲大陆后艰苦创业，开发技术，共同努力创造一个统一的不断发展的美利坚合众国的历史。与一般的历史博物馆不同，美国历史博物馆的展品不是按年代和地区陈列的，而是按专，这与美国历史的短暂及藏品博杂很有关系。 新近开放了为911专辟的展区：911-历史的见证。在那里，人们可以看到前纽约市长朱利安尼在纪念活动中带过的帽子、来自各地的义务工作者在救援活动中使用过的工具、纽约警车残骸以及无数的图片与故事等，这些物品，忠实记录着那一震惊世界的事件，更提醒人们对生命的尊重与生存的意义。这是被攻击的美国五角大楼 9月11日那天飘扬的旗帜。 星条旗馆区是必须看的，那里有1812年第二次对英战争中飘扬在麦克亨利堡上空的长14米，宽10米的大星条旗。 美国总统展区有很多实物，包括：美国第一任总统华盛顿的制服、戴过的假发和使用过的佩剑、杰佛逊起草《独立宣言》时用过的办公桌、杰佛逊使用过的圣经、林肯的帽子、卢瑟福总统的广播话筒等。· · 反映美国服饰的展厅里以白宫室内布置为背景，塑有自玛莎·华盛顿以来历届美国第一夫人穿着礼服的蜡像，成为200年美国贵妇人服饰演变的史料展示。· 我最喜欢的是肯尼迪夫人的礼服，简约却唯美，透着十足的品位，某种程度上解释了为什么她曾经会是最受上流社会男人追捧的女人。 奥巴马夫人的礼服在我看来只是一件普通的晚礼服，从礼服上可以判断，第一夫人的个子真的是好高哟。· 顺时针：林肯夫人、卢瑟福夫人、卡特夫人、和艾森豪威尔夫人的礼服。 对战争史有兴趣的游客可以在第三层参观关于越战、炮舰、西点军校、以及冷战时期的陈列。这里还有货币、纪念章、防止品、印制品的展览。这是南北战争时候火炮实物。 左：1838年Spencer发明的显微镜。右上：1844年摩尔电码电报机键。右下：1888年柯达制作的第一台照相机。 左上：1926年的1401蒸汽机模型。左下：1897年史蒂芬·巴隆制造的四轮轻型汽车。右：1846年Elias Howe发明的缝纫机。 左：1965年贝尔直升机为美国军方制作的Huey65-10091，1966年参与了对越作战。右：星球大战制片人George Lucas制作的机器人角色R2-D2.在实际的电影中，这两个机器人是穿着服装的演员扮演的。 左：拳王阿里的拳击手套和毛巾外披。右上：著名现代爵士乐圆号师 Dizzy Gillespie 在1972年-1985年间演奏使用的号，这圆号的扭曲处原本是偶然事故造成的，但他发现这样的演奏效果更好。右下：迈克尔·杰克逊的帽子。 左上/右上：电影《绿野仙踪》（The Wizard of OZ）里女主角穿的那双著名的红宝石鞋。左下：狮子王的面具。右下：著名卡通剧最早的模型。顺时针：史上最著名的棒球运动员Babe Ruth名的棒球，奥运会冠军的冰鞋和体操衫。 同时还有展区展出了18世纪邮局模型、古老邮票、和民族乐器等。最后我想花点时间专门说一下这个在一层展区的历史实物：The Woolworth’s Lunch Counter （Woolworth餐馆的午餐桌，作者译）。· 在1960年，黑人还不允许坐在北卡罗来纳州Greensboro市 F.W.Woolworth 饭店的午餐桌子上吃饭，那时，种族的不平等在美国南方还是司空见惯的事情，不论是在饭馆、卫生间、和其他公共场所，黑人都被“Jim Crow”这种族不平等的条理制约，无法获得平等的选举、租房、甚至外出就餐的权利。 1960年2月1日，四个黑人大学生来到这里、坐下、然后礼貌地点午餐，他们的要求被拒绝了，并被勒令离开，但是他们一直坚持坐在那里，这种被动和平的反抗方式点燃了美国年轻人中挑战种族不平等运动的战火，成百的学生、民权组织、教堂和社区的人员逐渐加入抗议，和Woolworth 饭店持续对峙了六个月。1960年7月25日，饭店最终不得不妥协，废除了种族隔离的规定。 国立美国历史博物馆展示了美国不同时期历史的演进过程，从南北战争、美国工业革命，到科学的进步历程，美国史上的点点滴滴都有包含。浏览其中，仿佛走入历史的画卷，在了解一代代移民艰苦创业、体验人文与科技的演变之余，你也许会更深地体会到，浩如星海的历史并非仅仅由大事组成，每一次历史变革都起源于我们普通百姓自己的争取和努力，每一个普通人也时时刻刻在创造着历史，也许因此，你会对生活和生命增添更多的期待和热爱吧。你看你看它们的眼钱塘湖春行白居易孤山寺北贾亭西，水面初乎云脚低。几处早莺争暖树，谁家新燕啄春泥。乱花渐欲迷人眼，浅草才能没马蹄。最爱湖东行不足，绿杨阴里白沙堤。 前两天贴了一组“乱花渐欲迷人眼”的图片，突然就想起了这组马的片子，好像只有配到一起才能对得起白翁。这组片子答应朋友很久了，要周末了，翻出来轻松一下。 曾有个朋友去新墨西哥州旅行，在沙漠地带拍到一群野马，很剽悍、很漂亮，让我很羡慕。我们山里也常看得到野马，貌似和鹿一样，已经基本上不怕人了。· 弗吉尼亚有很多牧场上经营着种马场，主要是配种生殖参加赛马比赛的公马，也允许人去参观，那里有很多漂亮的马，我惊异的是它们看人的眼神，那里面有着一种审视和警觉。([]
麻豆沈芯语在线观看
杨泓欣记得还是去年，偶然从一个新闻报道上听说今年，太阳活动开始增强，其实就是太阳表面放射的离子流变多了。 除了磁暴，它本身并不会给地球带来太多影响，估计也就是哪哪的通讯信号被中断，或者突然停电。 然而对于一个摄影师来讲，这可是千载难逢的机会。 为什么呢？ 那是因为地球大气层的磁极（也就是南极和北极）的氧离子和氮离子会被太阳风暴干扰而造成色彩斑斓的极光。 小编那个时候就已经有了拍极光的打算，经过断断续续的路线，景点，摄影研究后，北欧极光之旅的行程在今年年中出炉了。目的地大概有4个，主要是瑞典，挪威，冰岛与格陵兰岛，沿着北极极光带转，如果运气好就能拍到。如果运气不好，也能把这几个地方的名胜景区转一转，比如冰川，城市，火山，瀑布什么的。 全程耗时一个月，算是比较辛苦了。因为是自助游，所以时间安排比较灵活机动，但由于机票，交通，酒店提前都已经有了预定，所以也不会和计划的有太大出入。 再来就是会比较费体力，费精力： 车要自己开，没有旅行社的照顾，一切沟通交流基本靠自己，万一路上出点什么事也得硬抗着。 先不废话了，发一组图再说。（如无特别注明，以下图片均为小编原创，独发8264，请勿转载）2. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 瑞典 （基律纳+ 阿比斯库）初遇极光 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1949117-1-1.html3. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 挪威 （令人伤心的特鲁姆索） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1954266-1-1.html4. 北极极光摄影之旅 - 挪威 （阿尔塔 + 北角）北欧大陆的“最北端” https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1960333-1-1.html 5. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 格陵兰（努克的极光） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1973832-1-1.html既然是摄影旅行，相机是必不可少的，行李箱里的其他东西不说，在这先介绍下摄影装备吧：1. 相机： 佳能5D MARK III， PHASE ONE 645DF IQ140套机。2. 镜头： 佳能 24-70mm 二代，16-35mm 广角， 70-200mm 中长焦， 8-16mm 鱼眼。 施耐德 50mm 头，施耐德 AFD Tele-Xenar 180mm f/2.8 HFT PQ Lens。3. 配件： 三脚架， 快门线，相机防寒防雨套。重点！！！ 每台相机至少2块电池， CF储存卡多多益善。下面的图片是第二期的预览图哟！！ 有极光哟！大家要继续支持呀！初遇极光：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1949117-1-1.html介绍瑞典之前先说说证， 办 "申根证" ， 不用我说也知道对吧？没错，不过去哪办可不是每个人都知道了， 如果你的目的地里包括“格陵兰岛” 那么请你务必去丹麦大使馆办理申根证并注明要去格陵兰。 “什么？？ 旅行社和证代理都说去行程里第一个目的地办申根？？？” 那么无所谓啦，恭喜你格陵兰岛的计划报销了。再次说一次 ： 想去格陵兰 ---到丹麦大使馆办申根！瑞典： "欧盟第三大国家，人均收入全球第八，全球第二民主的社会，人类发展指数全球第七，2013年被评为治理最好的国家 和 全球第二有名的国家！" 听起来是不是很屌！！？？ 最可恶的是他们男的几乎全超过175cm, 女人随便站出来一个都能当模特！还出了像“瓦尔德内尔” 和 “伊布”这样有名的运动员。 啥？？ 你没听说过，好吧，你和我其中一位肯定是OUT了。 （图片转自网络）我坐的是俄罗斯航空公司的航班，到斯德哥尔摩之前会在莫斯科转机，没什么特殊的就是便宜（相对国航和SAS北欧航空）。 不是我在这排挤国航的飞机，那前后座位之间的距离是个180cm以上的人就会卡膝盖，你少放两排座椅会死啊？让大家坐着舒服点嘛！ 连菲律宾航空公司都比国航舒服。等飞机之前先休息一下吧，因为是晚上的航班，上飞机后估计直接就睡了。俄罗斯妹子的样子那是没得说的，这空姐有点像莎拉波娃！ 但是留的是乌克兰前女总理的发型！ （抱歉没来得及偷拍） 看上去非常可爱。不过想想，跟我八竿子也打不上关系，还是赶紧睡吧。莫斯科的机场，算是我走过的第2奇葩的机场了，法国戴高乐排第一，步行从D航站楼到F， 大概花了15分钟，我是来溜大街的是嘛！？？ 想起来就一肚子气，估计可能D航站楼全都是去亚洲的航班，而F是去欧洲的。 不平等待遇你知道是什么吗？不是F比D好， 也不是工作人员看人的态度，而是为毛整个机场除了商务舱休息室有WIFI以外, 另一个有免费WIFI的场所竟然是吸烟室！！！？？下面那个坐着的短发MM是我喜欢的类型~~莫斯科机场 - 瑞典斯德哥尔摩 ARLANDA国际机场到了斯德哥尔摩以后简单在机场询问了下去城里的交通，为了明天做打算，今晚就住在机场附近了。去城里差不多25公里，可以做机场快线 "Arlanda Express" ， 机场大巴 "Flygbussarna" 或者 TAXI, 基本第3个选择可以排除了。Arlanda Express 单程 200多瑞典克朗，周四到周日优惠。Flygbussarna 单程 99克朗 （就选它了）。TAXI 450+ 克朗机场大巴每10分钟一班，上车点就在机场正门，3,4,5候机楼都有停靠站。问清楚以后我就开始找酒店穿梭巴士。 目的地：JUMBO HOSTEL图片为莫斯科机场JUMBO HOSTEL这个酒店是用一架波音747飞机改造的，2008年底开始营业，就坐落在机场旁边，做穿梭巴士3分钟就到了。 一共有27个房间，多数不带厕所和浴室，差不多也就是5-6平米，小的可怜，但是很遗憾房价并不便宜。共有5间公共卫浴室，一间咖啡厅。因为与其他队员不同，小编提前一晚到了斯德哥尔摩。拖着几件行礼，总得找个地方住啊！不然转天的城市游就没精神了。 之前就通过网络查看了阿兰达机场附近的酒店信息，就这间还便宜点。坐着机场酒店穿梭巴士，也就是5分钟左右就到了。“我靠！还真是一架波音747啊！” 前台就在飞机的进出口，但是…尼玛貌似还得爬梯子上去吗？！ 走到跟前发现原来有个电梯，我如释重负。 话说回来这电梯有点奇怪，要一直按住按钮，它才会下来，速度比蜗牛还慢！ 没有小伙伴的我当时就惊呆了。更神奇的还在后面，进门以后就要脱鞋啦！郁闷了，哥这次没准备拖鞋啊！ 前台服务员还是很客气的，简单登记后就可以入住了，要了一间靠近马路的房间 (大家不要骂我笨，因为另一边靠近飞机跑道，更吵！！！) 走进房间本人直接呆住了，上下铺的床，没有放行李的架子，没有桌子，没有椅子，只有一个窟窿大的飞机窗户，一共不到6平米的地方，连做早操的空间都木有，这是让哥坐牢的节奏吗？？打开20寸的小电视，所有频道全都是听不懂的北欧语，逼我去睡觉啊！浴室在飞机的尾部，有3间，唯一欣慰的就是水还是比较热的。这么逊的客房！你们说一晚得多少钱？凌晨差不多4点钟，我被冻醒了，就再也睡不着了，拿着三脚架和相机去开始为这次摄影之旅预热一下吧。虽然才刚10月份，可是凌晨的瑞典还是很冷的，看着东南方的朝霞慢慢显露出来，给这种寒冷的气氛带来了一丝暖色调。架好三脚架，尝试不同的快门速度，和光圈，出来的效果还是令人满意的。jumbo 对面的Radisson Blu Hotel机头被设计成为了一个咖啡厅就是吃饭的场所啦！厨房在机头下面，就是放托运行李的地方。可能在这10分钟内，唯一经过这条路的就是机场穿梭巴士了飞机的翅膀和机身旁边修了一个步行台，走一趟25克朗。 远处的亮灯处就是机场了。来个全身照！我对你的定义就是徒有其表！！！差不多拍了30分钟，我实在受不了了，评嘛别人都在被窝里，只有我自己在这挨冻？老子不干了! 回客房，继续补养颜觉。结果刚进飞机就发现咖啡厅的早餐已经准备好了，也就是烤面包片，煮鸡蛋，果酱啥的，随便吃点吧。吃的时候顺便跟前台的服务员聊了聊，原来这里只有一个服务员，前台，厨师，打扫房间，浴室的都是单人负责。几个人轮流负责不同的时段，看样子也是挺辛苦的。吃完早饭又回房间睡了个回头觉，希望今天的城市游会比较顺利。起来结完账就去提前预定好的酒店 RADDISON BLU迎接其他队员了，说得也巧，就在JUMBO的对面，貌似 RADISSON BLU 酒店和SAS北欧航空公司有着千丝万缕的关系，每座北欧大机场外绝对有一间。别怪哥没提醒你，北欧酒店的床是我出国以后见过最窄的，如果你不喜欢睡在只有一米宽的单人床的话，我建议你还是给自己订个DOUBLE BED ROOM吧。安顿下其他队员后，我们开始了正式的北欧之旅，今天的目的地是斯德哥尔摩老城区 GAMLA STAN，市政厅，顺便拍拍街景。在Radisson Blue 外面就是机场酒店shuttle bus 14路的停靠站。Radisson Blu 大厅里的取暖炉，烧柴火的，还挺有意思。不过后来还去了ABISKO的酒店，自己换柴火烧炉子！！北欧人民非常喜欢阅读，在当今IPAD电子书盛行的时代，他们依然经常捧着厚厚的书本埋头阅读。就好比现在国内，虽然“麦，肯，必”随处可见，但大家依然保持着 煎饼果子，豆浆稀饭的优良传统。Flygbussarna 停靠在了中央火车站的旁边，步行到老城区需要大概20分钟。我们一行9人只有两位懂英语，初到北欧还是决定大家一起行动比较方便。 连接老城区中央地带与新市区的是一条步行街，外国游客很多，两旁开满了咖啡厅，餐厅和旅游商品店。 我们漫步在这条街道慢慢感受着北欧不同的文化。这条街道叫Drottninggatan, 通往着圣灵岛。这条步行街上每隔几十米就会提供座椅给游客休息，让我感到了温暖。垃圾箱也是随处可见，在清洁的街道上漫步一点也不觉得累。午餐时间到了，当地人都喜欢坐在外面就餐，这也是饮食文化的一部分吧！？通往圣灵岛的桥，在圣灵岛上有 斯瑞典议会和中世纪博物馆。 图片中央的是 International IDEA (institute for Democracy and Electoral Assisstance) ：民主选举学院， 不知道跟党校是不是一回事。斯德哥尔摩的建筑都是5-6层高的楼，很少有摩天大楼。 比较特殊的建筑还有 “爱立信大球” 被誉为全世界最大球型建筑。不过这次本人并没有拜访。是不是风景如画？从圣灵岛开始几乎都是中世纪建筑了，连大门都这么有气势！在连接圣灵岛与GAMLA STAN的桥 - stallbron上回头拍摄， 岸上是“瑞典议会 Sveriges Riksdag"GAMLA STAN The Old Town 就是老城的意思了，这个岛上的建筑可以追溯到13世纪，中世纪的街景，道路上铺满了鹅卵石，北日耳曼的古式建筑遍布在这里。([]
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